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1.
Saudi Dent J ; 30(2): 117-124, 2018 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29628735

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the general empathy levels and the potential for empathic growth in Dentistry students and demonstrate that the empathic erosion model is not med. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Exploratory and cross-sectional study. Population: First- to fifth-year Dentistry students at Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago Campus (Chile). The total student population (N) was 800. The participants completed the Jefferson Scale of Empathy in its Spanish version for medical students, validated and adapted in Chile. A two-factor analysis of variance (model III) was applied to find differences in the means between academic years, between genders, and in the interaction between these two factors. The data were described using simple arithmetic graphs and then processed with SPSS 22.0. The total growth potential was estimated. RESULTS: The Sample (n) consisted of 534 students (66.88% of the population studied, 2016). Differences were found between academic years and genders in general empathy and some of its components. CONCLUSION: The behavior of empathy levels is not in line with the concept of empathic erosion. This suggests that empathic erosion is a particular and not a general phenomenon. There exists a considerable growth potential for empathy and its components.

2.
Salud UNINORTE ; 34(1): 1-10, ene.-abr. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004548

RESUMO

Resumen Objetivo: Relacionar el estado ansioso y severidad de ansiedad con el rendimiento académico, previo a una evaluación en estudiantes de tercer año de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad San Sebastián, sede Concepción, durante el periodo académico 2015. Materiales y método: Estudio exploratorio, transversal analítico. La muestra estuvo constituida por 138 estudiantes de tercer año de la asignatura de Preclínico y Rehabilitación Oral a los cuales se les aplicó el test de Hamilton. Los datos fueron analizados mediante un análisis de varianza de clasificación simple (modelo III) para datos desbalanceados y comparados por la prueba de comparación múltiple de medias deTukey. El nivel de significación fue de α≤0,05. Resultados: Las medias de rendimiento académico y las medias del estado ansioso no difieren entre sí (p = 0,188). El estado ansioso grave muestra un valor menor de rendimiento que las otras clasificaciones. Con respecto al sexo y estado ansioso, estas se distribuyeron por igual entre los sujetos (χ²= 1,57; p=0,21). Conclusiones: De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos no es posible relacionar directamente el estado ansioso con el rendimiento académico, pero la presencia de ansiedad grave se relaciona con un menor aprovechamiento efectivo.


Abstract Objective: To relate anxious state and severity of anxiety withacademic performance, prior to an assessment in third year students of the Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, during the academic period 2015. Materials and Methods: This exploratory cross-analytical study has a sample of 138 students. The Hamilton Test was applied in the third year of the Pre-clinical and Oral Rehabilitation course to those who wanted to participate after signing an informed consent. Data were analyzed to see whether there were significant differences in the presence of anxious state and severity of anxiety according (ANOVA) simple classification (Model III) for unbalanced data and compared by Tukey method. The level of significance was α≤0.05. Results: The means of academic performance and the means of the anxious state do not differ from each other (p = 0.188). Severe anxious state shows a lower performance value than the other ratings. With regard to sex and anxious state, these were equally distributed among subjects (χ² = 1.57, p =0.21). Conclusions: It is not possible to directly relate anxious state to academic performance. However, the presence of severe anxiety is associated with lower academic performance.

3.
Salud UNINORTE ; 34(1): 47-57, ene.-abr. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004552

RESUMO

Resumen Objetivo: Correlacionar el nivel de estrés académico versus tasa de reprobación de los estudiantes de 4º año de la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad San Sebastián, sede Santiago. Materiales y métodos: Se aplicó el inventario de estrés académico Sisco a los estudiantes que cursaban en forma regular el 4º año, 2015. Este instrumento permite identificar el nivel de estrés, los estímulos reconocidos como estresores, reacciones físicas, reacciones sicológicas, reacciones comportamentales, y estrategias de afrontamiento. El cuestionario fue aplicado poco antes de finalizar el segundo semestre 2015. Una vez cerradas las asignaturas, se confrontaron las respuestas de los estudiantes que aprobaron versus los que reprobaron el año académico. Resultados: Todos los estudiantes presentaron estrés, el 90 % de ellos lo presentó siempre, o casi siempre. Los estudiantes que reprobaron el año académico 2015 mostraron mayores niveles de estrés que los estudiantes que sí aprobaron el año académico. Por su parte, las mujeres se mostraron más estresadas que los hombres. En ninguno de los casos expuestos se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: El nivel de estrés académico no es determinante en la aprobación de asignaturas.


Abstract Objective: Stress is caused by overwhelming situations that cause psychosomatic reactions or psychological disorders. In the field of education, the academic demands are stressors, and the effect that these stimuli cause on the students is known as academic stress or student stress. Objective: To correlate the level of academic stress versus failure rate of students of 4th year, University of San Sebastian, School of Dentistry, Santiago. During the academic period 2015. Material and Method: SISCO Academic Stress was applied to students who were in 4th year, 2015. This instrument identifies the stress level, stimuli recognized as stressors, physical reactions, psychological reactions, behavioral reactions, and coping strategies. The questionnaire was completed shortly before the second half of 2015. When the academic period was over, the responses of students who passed versus those who failed the academic year were correlated. Results: All students had some degree of stress: 90% of them presented it always or almost always. Students who failed the academic year 2015 showed higher levels of stress than students who successfully passed their academic year. Women were more stressed than men. None of the cases showed statistically significant differences. Conclusions: The level of academic stress is not decisive in the passing of subjects.

4.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-794511

RESUMO

Objetivo Evaluar la precepción del ambiente educativo por parte de los estudiantes de odontología en 2 períodos críticos de su formación: preclínico y clínico, transición desde la sala de clase a ambientes clínicos y comienzo de la atención de pacientes. Método Doscientos setenta y cinco estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad San Sebastián fueron sometidos al cuestionario DREEM en su versión en español el año 2012, en 3.er, 4.° y 5.° año (117 estudiantes en preclínico y 158 en clínica). Se calcularon los resultados individuales y los promedios globales e individuales de cada dominio. El test de Chi cuadrado fue realizado para analizar las diferencias entre los datos nominales. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach fue utilizado para evaluar la consistencia interna de las subescalas del cuestionario. Valores de p menores a 0,05 fueron considerados significativos. Resultados La puntuación media fue de 120,42 en el área preclínica y de 121,83 a 110,38 en el área clínica. Con respecto al proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, los estudiantes tienen una buena percepción del ambiente. Los dominios de percepción de los profesores y autopercepción social obtuvieron los puntajes más bajos. Discusión La percepción de los estudiantes de preclínico es diferente a los del área clínica. Estos últimos sienten que la participación en el aula disminuye, lo que puede deberse al mayor número de horas clínicas versus horas teóricas. La identificación de áreas positivas y negativas permite orientar acciones para mejorar el ambiente educativo para los estudiantes de la facultad.


Objective To evaluate the educational environment in dental school perceived by students at two critical transitional periods in their education: Preclinical and clinical (transition from the classroom to clinical environments and commencement of patient care) Method A total of 275 dental students (third, fourth and fifth year) of the San Sebastian University Dental School were asked to complete the Spanish adaptation of the DREEM Questionnaire in 2012 in (117 were preclinical and 158 were clinical students). The individual results were calculated, as well as both the overall and individual domain scores. The chi-squared test was used to analyse differences in nominal data. Cronbach's alpha was employed to assess the internal consistency of the subscales of the instrument. A P<.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The mean score was 120.42 in the preclinical area, and 121.83 to 110.38 in the clinical area. As regards the learning and teaching process, students have a good perception of the environment. The domains of perception of Teachers and Social Self-Perception obtain the lowest scores. Discussion The perceptions of the students in the preclinical area differ from those of the clinical area, with the latter feeling that participation in the classroom decreases. This may be due to the fact that the number of practice hours are much greater than theory hours, leading to a considerable reduction in the amount of classroom time at the expense of an increase in clinical hours. The identified positive and negative areas will help to focus actions to improve the educational environment for dentistry students.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Estudantes de Odontologia/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Avaliação Educacional/métodos , Meio Ambiente , Chile , Educação em Odontologia
5.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-734834

RESUMO

OBJETIVO Determinar el nivel de orientación empática de los estudiantes de odontología del primer al quinto nivel de la carrera de Odontología, Facultad de Medicina de Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo-Clínica Alemana (Santiago), considerando el nivel y género de los estudiantes. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Se midió la orientación empática de los estudiantes de odontología mediante la Escala de empatía médica de Jefferson, en la versión en español para estudiantes (versión S) validada culturalmente en Chile. Los datos de los niveles analizados fueron comparados mediante un análisis de varianza trifactorial (modelo III). RESULTADOS Se encontró que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas de orientación empática entre los distintos cursos; además se puede observar que las mujeres presentan mayores niveles de empatía en relación con los hombres. CONCLUSIONES Los estudiantes de odontología (independientemente del nivel y/o curso) presentan en general un alto nivel de orientación empática. Las mujeres presentan mayor nivel de orientación empática que los hombres.


OBJECTIVE To determine the empathetic orientation levels of 1st to 5th year Odontology students studying in the German Clinic Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad del Desarrollo (Santiago), taking into account the year and sex of the students. MATERIALS AND METHODS Empathetic orientation was measured in the odontology students using the Jefferson Empathy Scale, Spanish version for Students (version S) validated culturally in Chile. The data on the levels analyzed were compared by means of a three-way variance analysis (Model III). RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in empathetic orientation between the different years. It could be observed that females had higher levels of empathy compared to males. CONCLUSIONS Odontology students (independent of level and/or year) have a high level of empathetic orientation. Females have a higher level of empathetic orientation than males.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Estudantes de Odontologia/psicologia , Empatia , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários
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